What does a swollen knee mean?
Extra fluid in or around the knee can cause swelling, tightness and reduced movement. Joint effusion has several possible causes, including injury, arthritis and infection. Swelling alone cannot tell you whether a meniscus, ligament or other structure is involved. The speed of swelling and what happened beforehand are useful assessment details.
What an assessment may involve
Tell your clinician about a twist, fall or impact, whether the knee locks or gives way, and whether you can bear weight. Describe stairs, squatting, walking and sport. Examination may assess movement, strength, swelling and relevant stability; some findings require medical review before rehabilitation.
Care and rehabilitation
When suitable, rehabilitation can include adjusting loads, restoring comfortable movement and progressively strengthening the leg. A return-to-sport plan should consider the demands of your activity and any existing diagnosis or surgical guidance. Osteopathy does not replace medical treatment for infection, fracture or an acutely locked knee.
Tracking progress
Useful measures may include walking distance, stair confidence or response to a planned exercise session. Let the clinician know if swelling repeatedly increases after activity. A review can identify whether the program, diagnosis or referral pathway needs to change.
When to seek medical help
Seek urgent medical advice for a very painful or markedly swollen knee, inability to bear weight or move it, a knee that locks, obvious deformity, or a hot red knee with fever. Major trauma warrants urgent assessment.
Related information
Further reading
General information from Muscle Joint Bone Epping. Your clinician will discuss how it applies to you.